Created by: Asharfi Lal Mishra
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| Asharfi Lal Mishra |
||RAMAYANA||
(Condensed)
*Ayodhyakanda*
[Poet: Valmiki]
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Rama before exile
सा राघवमुपासीनमसुखार्ता सुखोचिता।
उवाच पुरुषव्याघ्रमुपशृण्वति लक्ष्मणे।।
Afflicted with grief through accustomed to pleasure , she said to Raghava who was seated near , while Lakshmana was listening ;
यदि पुत्र न जायेथा मम शोकाय राघव।
न स्म दुःखमतो भूयः पश्येयमहमप्रजाः।।
" O Raghava ,my son , if you had not been born to my sorrow , I should certainly not know greater distress than this by being childless.
एक एव हि वन्ध्यायाः शोको भवति मानसः।
अप्रजाSस्मीति सन्तापो न ह्यन्यः पुत्र विद्यते।।
For , the barren women has only one sorrow in her heart -- 'I am childless' , O Son, there is no other affliction for her .
न दृष्टपूर्वं कल्याणं सुखं वा पतिपौरुषे।
अपि पुत्रे तु पश्येयमिति रामास्थितं मया।।
O Rama , no auspicious event has been witnessed by me so for , nor any happiness because of my husband's greatness.However , I have held on believing that I should witness it (joy) in (the case of ) my son.
दश सप्त च वर्षाणि तव जातस्य राघव।
आसितानि प्राकांक्षन्त्या मया दुःखपरिक्षयम।।
Ten and seven years O Raghava , since your re-birth ( initiation as a Kshatriya) have been spent by me expecting the termination of my misery .
अपश्यन्ती तव मुखं परिपूर्णशशिप्रभम।
कृपणा वर्तयिष्यामि कथं कृपणजीविकाम।।
Without seeing your face , beautiful like a full moon , how can I , wretched , live the life of wretchedness?"
तथा तु विलपन्तीं तां कौसल्यां राममातरम।
उवाच लक्ष्मणो दीनस्तत्कालसदृशं वचः।।
To Rama's mother Kausalya who was lamenting thus , the dejected Lakshmana addressed words suited to the occasion :
न रोचते ममाप्येतदार्ये यद्राघवो वनम।
त्यक्त्वा राज्यश्रियं गच्छेत स्त्रिया वाक्यवशं गतः।।
" O noble lady , it does not please me either that Raghava , being bound by the words of a woman , should give up royal glory and go the forest .
विपरीतश्च वृद्धश्च विषयैश्च प्रधर्षितः।
नृपः किमिव न ब्रूयाच्चोद्यमानस्समन्मथः।।
Perverse, , old , enslaved by passion , and yielding to lust , what would not the king say , goaded (thereto) ?
न तं पश्याम्यहं लोके परोक्षमपि यो नरः।
स्वामित्रोSपि निरस्तोSपि योSस्य दोषमुदाहरेत।।
I know not any man in the world, who though unfriendly to Rama and disowned by him , would speak ill of him even behind his back.
देवकल्पमृजुं दान्तं रिपूणामपि वत्सलम।
अवेक्षमाणः को धर्मं त्यजेत्पुत्रमकारणात।।
Who , carrying for Dharma, will abandon , without reason , his son , who is equal to the gods , straightforward , self -controlled and dear even to his enemies?
गुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः।
उत्पथं प्रतिपन्नस्य कार्यं भवति शासनम।।
Punishment must be inflected even on a father who has become haughty , incapable of determining right and wrong and addicted to unrighteousness ways .
अनुरक्तोSसि भावेन भ्रातरं देवि तत्त्वतः।
सत्येन धनुषा चैव दत्तेनेष्टेन ते शपे।।
O Queen , I am truly attached to my brother , because of his disposition.By truth and bow and by gifts and sacrifices I swear to you.
दीप्तमग्निमरण्यं वा यदि रामः प्रवेक्ष्यति।
प्रविष्टं तत्र मां देवि त्वं पूर्वमवधारय।।
Should Rama enter the flaming fire or the forest , O Queen , be sure that I shall have entered there before him ."
एतत्तु वचनं श्रुत्वा लक्ष्मणस्य महात्मनः।
उवास रामं कौसल्या रुदन्तीं शोकलालसा।।
Hearing these words of the high-souled Lakshmana , Kausalaya , weeping and tossed about by sorrow, spoke to Rama :
धर्मज्ञ यदि धर्मिष्ठो धर्मं चरितुमिच्छसि।
शुश्रूष मामिहस्थस्त्वं चर धर्ममनुत्तमम।।
O knower of dharma , if you are bent on dharma and desire to practicing the highest penance , Kasyapa attained heaven .
शुश्रूषुर्जननीं पुत्र स्वगृहे नियतो वसन।
परेण तपसा युक्तः काश्यपस्त्रिदिवं गतः।।
O son, serving his mother , living in his own house with self-restraint and practising the highest penance . Kashyapa attained heaven .
यथैव राजा पूज्यते गौरवेण तथा ह्यहम।
त्वां नाहमनुजानामि न गन्तव्यमितो वनम।।
As the king is to be honoured by you with due regard , so should I be . I do not grant permission . Therefore you should not go from here to the forest .
त्वद्वियोगान्न मे कार्यं जीवितेन सुखेन वा।
त्वया सह मम श्रेयास्तृणानामपि भक्षणम।।
Without you , life and comfort are no use to me . With you . it is preferable to me even to live on grass."
विलपन्तीं तथा दीनां कौसल्यां जननीं ततः।
उवाच रामो धर्मात्मा वचनं धर्मसंहितम।।
To his mother Kausalya who was thus lamenting piteously ,Rama the righteous-minded , uttered these words full of righteousness :
नास्ति शक्तिः पितुर्वाक्यं समतिक्रमितुं मम।
प्रसादये त्वां शिरसा गन्तुमिच्छाम्यहं वनम।।
" I cannot transgress my father's mandate. I crave your approval with bowed head ; I am desirous of proceeding to the forest.
पितुर्हि वचनं कुर्वन्न कश्चिन्नाम हीयते।।
No one indeed suffers because of his having carried out his father's mandate ."
तामेवमुक्त्वा जननीं लक्ष्मणं पुनरब्रवीत।
वाक्यं वाक्यविदां श्रेष्ठः श्रेष्ठस्सर्वधनुष्मताम।।
Having spoken to his mother thus, Rama , the best of those well-versed in speech and the foremost of all bow-men , spoke then to Lakshmana :
धर्मो हि परमो लोके धर्मे सत्यं प्रतिष्ठितम।
धर्मसंश्रितमेतच्च पितुर्वचनमुत्तमम।।
" Dharma indeed is supreme in the world. In dharma , is truth rooted .And this , my father's command , based on dharma is supreme .
पितुर्हि वचनाद्वीर कैकेय्याSहं प्रचोदितः।
तदेनां विसृजानार्यां क्षत्रधर्माश्रितां मतिम।
धर्ममाश्रय मा तैक्ष्ण्यं मद्बुद्धिरगुगम्यताम।।
Only on the word of my father , Have I been ordered by Kaikeyi , O hero ! therefore abandon your view which is unworthy and in conformity with the Kshatritya code of conduct . Take to righteousness and not to harshness . Let my view be adopted .
यस्या मदभिषेकार्थे मानसं परितप्यते।
माता मे सा यथा न स्यात सविशङ्का तथा कुरु।।
So behave that my mother may be reassured , she whose mind is made uneasy by my (proposed) installation .
सत्यः सत्याभिसन्धश्च नित्यं सत्यपराक्रमः।
परलोकभयाद भीतो निर्भयोSस्तु पिता मम।।
Let my father who is true , true to his undertakings and is always of true valour and is disturbed by the fear of the next world--let him be rid of fear.
कृतान्तस्त्वेव सौमित्रे दृष्टव्यो मत्प्रवासने।
राज्यस्य च वितीर्णस्य पुनरेव निवर्तने।।
O son of Sumitra , in my banishment and in the withholding of the kingdom that had been given, we must see only (the doing of ) Destiny.
कैकेय्याः प्रतिपत्तिर्हि कथं स्यान्मम पीड़ने।
यदि भावो न दैवोSयं कृतान्तविहितो भवेत।।
How could Kaikeyi's resolve to injure me come about , if that desire had not been caused by fate and of divine origin ?
जानासि हि यथा सौम्य न मातृषु ममान्तरम।
भूत्पूर्वं विशेषो वा तस्या मयि सुतेSपि वा।।
Gentle boy , you know that no distinction has ever been made by me among the mother's ; nor has she (Kaikeyi) made any distinction till now between me and her son .
कच्चिद्दैवेन सौमित्रे योद्धुमुत्सहते पुमान।
यस्य न ग्रहणं किञ्चित कर्मणोन्यत्र दृश्यते।।
O son of Sumitra , can any man fight with Destiny , whose grip is not to be seen except through his deed ?
सुखदुःखे भयक्रोधौ लाभालाभौ भवाभवौ।
यच्च किञ्चित्तथाभूतं ननु दैवस्य मर्म तत।।
Pleasure and plain , fear and anger , profit and loss , birth and deliverance -- whatever happens is indeed the work of Destiny
असङ्कल्पितमेवेह यदकस्मात प्रवर्तते।
निवर्त्यारम्भमारब्धं ननु दैवस्य कर्म तत।।
That which comes about by chance even without at all having been intended and that which has been produced without proper effort -- this is indeed the work of Destiny .
मा च लक्ष्मण सन्तापं कार्षीर्लक्ष्म्या विपर्यये।
राज्यं वा वनवासो वा वनवासो महोदयः।।
O Lakshmana , do not indulge in grief when fortune is adverse . Between kingdom and exile , exile is indeed fraught with much prosperity."
इति ब्रुवति रामे तु लक्ष्मणोSधश्शिरा मुहुः।
अग्राक्ष्णा वीक्षमाणस्तु तिर्यग्भ्रातरमब्रवीत।।
When Rama spoke thus , Lakshmana , repeatedly hanging down his head and turning away from his brother and with side-long glances at him , spoke thus :
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(Condensed)
*Ayodhyakanda*
[Poet: Valmiki]
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सा राघवमुपासीनमसुखार्ता सुखोचिता।
उवाच पुरुषव्याघ्रमुपशृण्वति लक्ष्मणे।।
Afflicted with grief through accustomed to pleasure , she said to Raghava who was seated near , while Lakshmana was listening ;
यदि पुत्र न जायेथा मम शोकाय राघव।
न स्म दुःखमतो भूयः पश्येयमहमप्रजाः।।
" O Raghava ,my son , if you had not been born to my sorrow , I should certainly not know greater distress than this by being childless.
एक एव हि वन्ध्यायाः शोको भवति मानसः।
अप्रजाSस्मीति सन्तापो न ह्यन्यः पुत्र विद्यते।।
For , the barren women has only one sorrow in her heart -- 'I am childless' , O Son, there is no other affliction for her .
न दृष्टपूर्वं कल्याणं सुखं वा पतिपौरुषे।
अपि पुत्रे तु पश्येयमिति रामास्थितं मया।।
O Rama , no auspicious event has been witnessed by me so for , nor any happiness because of my husband's greatness.However , I have held on believing that I should witness it (joy) in (the case of ) my son.
दश सप्त च वर्षाणि तव जातस्य राघव।
आसितानि प्राकांक्षन्त्या मया दुःखपरिक्षयम।।
Ten and seven years O Raghava , since your re-birth ( initiation as a Kshatriya) have been spent by me expecting the termination of my misery .
अपश्यन्ती तव मुखं परिपूर्णशशिप्रभम।
कृपणा वर्तयिष्यामि कथं कृपणजीविकाम।।
Without seeing your face , beautiful like a full moon , how can I , wretched , live the life of wretchedness?"
तथा तु विलपन्तीं तां कौसल्यां राममातरम।
उवाच लक्ष्मणो दीनस्तत्कालसदृशं वचः।।
To Rama's mother Kausalya who was lamenting thus , the dejected Lakshmana addressed words suited to the occasion :
न रोचते ममाप्येतदार्ये यद्राघवो वनम।
त्यक्त्वा राज्यश्रियं गच्छेत स्त्रिया वाक्यवशं गतः।।
" O noble lady , it does not please me either that Raghava , being bound by the words of a woman , should give up royal glory and go the forest .
विपरीतश्च वृद्धश्च विषयैश्च प्रधर्षितः।
नृपः किमिव न ब्रूयाच्चोद्यमानस्समन्मथः।।
Perverse, , old , enslaved by passion , and yielding to lust , what would not the king say , goaded (thereto) ?
न तं पश्याम्यहं लोके परोक्षमपि यो नरः।
स्वामित्रोSपि निरस्तोSपि योSस्य दोषमुदाहरेत।।
I know not any man in the world, who though unfriendly to Rama and disowned by him , would speak ill of him even behind his back.
देवकल्पमृजुं दान्तं रिपूणामपि वत्सलम।
अवेक्षमाणः को धर्मं त्यजेत्पुत्रमकारणात।।
Who , carrying for Dharma, will abandon , without reason , his son , who is equal to the gods , straightforward , self -controlled and dear even to his enemies?
गुरोरप्यवलिप्तस्य कार्याकार्यमजानतः।
उत्पथं प्रतिपन्नस्य कार्यं भवति शासनम।।
Punishment must be inflected even on a father who has become haughty , incapable of determining right and wrong and addicted to unrighteousness ways .
अनुरक्तोSसि भावेन भ्रातरं देवि तत्त्वतः।
सत्येन धनुषा चैव दत्तेनेष्टेन ते शपे।।
O Queen , I am truly attached to my brother , because of his disposition.By truth and bow and by gifts and sacrifices I swear to you.
दीप्तमग्निमरण्यं वा यदि रामः प्रवेक्ष्यति।
प्रविष्टं तत्र मां देवि त्वं पूर्वमवधारय।।
Should Rama enter the flaming fire or the forest , O Queen , be sure that I shall have entered there before him ."
एतत्तु वचनं श्रुत्वा लक्ष्मणस्य महात्मनः।
उवास रामं कौसल्या रुदन्तीं शोकलालसा।।
Hearing these words of the high-souled Lakshmana , Kausalaya , weeping and tossed about by sorrow, spoke to Rama :
धर्मज्ञ यदि धर्मिष्ठो धर्मं चरितुमिच्छसि।
शुश्रूष मामिहस्थस्त्वं चर धर्ममनुत्तमम।।
O knower of dharma , if you are bent on dharma and desire to practicing the highest penance , Kasyapa attained heaven .
शुश्रूषुर्जननीं पुत्र स्वगृहे नियतो वसन।
परेण तपसा युक्तः काश्यपस्त्रिदिवं गतः।।
O son, serving his mother , living in his own house with self-restraint and practising the highest penance . Kashyapa attained heaven .
यथैव राजा पूज्यते गौरवेण तथा ह्यहम।
त्वां नाहमनुजानामि न गन्तव्यमितो वनम।।
As the king is to be honoured by you with due regard , so should I be . I do not grant permission . Therefore you should not go from here to the forest .
त्वद्वियोगान्न मे कार्यं जीवितेन सुखेन वा।
त्वया सह मम श्रेयास्तृणानामपि भक्षणम।।
Without you , life and comfort are no use to me . With you . it is preferable to me even to live on grass."
विलपन्तीं तथा दीनां कौसल्यां जननीं ततः।
उवाच रामो धर्मात्मा वचनं धर्मसंहितम।।
To his mother Kausalya who was thus lamenting piteously ,Rama the righteous-minded , uttered these words full of righteousness :
नास्ति शक्तिः पितुर्वाक्यं समतिक्रमितुं मम।
प्रसादये त्वां शिरसा गन्तुमिच्छाम्यहं वनम।।
" I cannot transgress my father's mandate. I crave your approval with bowed head ; I am desirous of proceeding to the forest.
पितुर्हि वचनं कुर्वन्न कश्चिन्नाम हीयते।।
No one indeed suffers because of his having carried out his father's mandate ."
तामेवमुक्त्वा जननीं लक्ष्मणं पुनरब्रवीत।
वाक्यं वाक्यविदां श्रेष्ठः श्रेष्ठस्सर्वधनुष्मताम।।
Having spoken to his mother thus, Rama , the best of those well-versed in speech and the foremost of all bow-men , spoke then to Lakshmana :
धर्मो हि परमो लोके धर्मे सत्यं प्रतिष्ठितम।
धर्मसंश्रितमेतच्च पितुर्वचनमुत्तमम।।
" Dharma indeed is supreme in the world. In dharma , is truth rooted .And this , my father's command , based on dharma is supreme .
पितुर्हि वचनाद्वीर कैकेय्याSहं प्रचोदितः।
तदेनां विसृजानार्यां क्षत्रधर्माश्रितां मतिम।
धर्ममाश्रय मा तैक्ष्ण्यं मद्बुद्धिरगुगम्यताम।।
Only on the word of my father , Have I been ordered by Kaikeyi , O hero ! therefore abandon your view which is unworthy and in conformity with the Kshatritya code of conduct . Take to righteousness and not to harshness . Let my view be adopted .
यस्या मदभिषेकार्थे मानसं परितप्यते।
माता मे सा यथा न स्यात सविशङ्का तथा कुरु।।
So behave that my mother may be reassured , she whose mind is made uneasy by my (proposed) installation .
सत्यः सत्याभिसन्धश्च नित्यं सत्यपराक्रमः।
परलोकभयाद भीतो निर्भयोSस्तु पिता मम।।
Let my father who is true , true to his undertakings and is always of true valour and is disturbed by the fear of the next world--let him be rid of fear.
कृतान्तस्त्वेव सौमित्रे दृष्टव्यो मत्प्रवासने।
राज्यस्य च वितीर्णस्य पुनरेव निवर्तने।।
O son of Sumitra , in my banishment and in the withholding of the kingdom that had been given, we must see only (the doing of ) Destiny.
कैकेय्याः प्रतिपत्तिर्हि कथं स्यान्मम पीड़ने।
यदि भावो न दैवोSयं कृतान्तविहितो भवेत।।
How could Kaikeyi's resolve to injure me come about , if that desire had not been caused by fate and of divine origin ?
जानासि हि यथा सौम्य न मातृषु ममान्तरम।
भूत्पूर्वं विशेषो वा तस्या मयि सुतेSपि वा।।
Gentle boy , you know that no distinction has ever been made by me among the mother's ; nor has she (Kaikeyi) made any distinction till now between me and her son .
कच्चिद्दैवेन सौमित्रे योद्धुमुत्सहते पुमान।
यस्य न ग्रहणं किञ्चित कर्मणोन्यत्र दृश्यते।।
O son of Sumitra , can any man fight with Destiny , whose grip is not to be seen except through his deed ?
सुखदुःखे भयक्रोधौ लाभालाभौ भवाभवौ।
यच्च किञ्चित्तथाभूतं ननु दैवस्य मर्म तत।।
Pleasure and plain , fear and anger , profit and loss , birth and deliverance -- whatever happens is indeed the work of Destiny
असङ्कल्पितमेवेह यदकस्मात प्रवर्तते।
निवर्त्यारम्भमारब्धं ननु दैवस्य कर्म तत।।
That which comes about by chance even without at all having been intended and that which has been produced without proper effort -- this is indeed the work of Destiny .
मा च लक्ष्मण सन्तापं कार्षीर्लक्ष्म्या विपर्यये।
राज्यं वा वनवासो वा वनवासो महोदयः।।
O Lakshmana , do not indulge in grief when fortune is adverse . Between kingdom and exile , exile is indeed fraught with much prosperity."
इति ब्रुवति रामे तु लक्ष्मणोSधश्शिरा मुहुः।
अग्राक्ष्णा वीक्षमाणस्तु तिर्यग्भ्रातरमब्रवीत।।
When Rama spoke thus , Lakshmana , repeatedly hanging down his head and turning away from his brother and with side-long glances at him , spoke thus :
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